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The period of zeal usually shows up twice a year, although in some cases the interval can shorten or to be prolonged, there being animals that ciclan once every twelve months.
The dog's sexual cycle is divided in four stages: proestro, estro (these two constitute the zeal), metaestro and anestro each one of these periods presents characteristic own.
The proestro has a duration average of nine days, there are bloody losses for edge(analogy doesn't exist with the menstruation in the woman, since in the human it means end of the cycle with collapse of the covered with the uterus, while in the dog it is beginning of the cycle for increase of the sanguine watering), the lips (vulvares) enlarge and they harden as we advance in the proestro they go losing swelling.
Some dogs spread to urinate with but frequency or in places in that didn't make it habitually, others to escape or to insist in their habitual walks.
During the period of zeal the female attracts the males because in the vaginal lobby some substances called feromonas are elaborated that stimulate the male's receivers chemical olfatorios, this substances can also stimulate other females with those that cohabit and to begin to ciclar. Although it attracts the males, it allows them to smell it but it is not allowed to serve.
The beginning of the estro or properly this zeal marks it the male's acceptance on the part of the female, the duration of this stage is variable 5 -10 days. The one bled continuous, although less intense, lips with more edema and but it brandishes, if we pass a hand on the loin in the base of the line it elevates the lips , characteristic posture of the acceptance, beginning of the fertile period allows the service (one or several), past this moment it rejects the male again.
All these morphological changes and of behavior they are due to the action of hormones, secreted by the ovaries, estrogens and progesterone. During the proestro they grow in the ovaries, follicles (structures that contain the ova) the more grow, more estrogens produce (vaginal secretion, I increase of the size of the lips, behavior) arriving at the end of the proestro these hormones they reach their maximum concentration the progesterone it begins to increase the estrogens then to descend, this descent together with the ascent of the progesterone allows the liberation of another hormone: L.H. (hormone luteinizante, secreted by the gland hypophysis located in the cranial cavity), I begin of the estro, L.H. it will allow the liberation of the ovum of the follicle (ovulation) approximately 48 hs. later to the secretion. Happened the ovulation is formed in the ovary the body lúteo producing of big quantities of progesterone.
The canine ovum has the particularity that, such which is eliminated it cannot be fecundated she needs to mature in a lapse of 48 hs.
Continuing with what we observe sintomatológicamente a dog served in the day 11 as having begun the lost one and with a single service it was pregnant. However dogs exist with jealousies but short or but long, also those that don't accept in spite of being in the appropriate moment the it mounts or that the acceptance begins several days before the ovulation or that they continue accepting later several days, with that which very early or late services were unfertile.
In the case of the dogs that you don't accept the it mounts it is very important a correct audit of genital and apparatus locomotive (later members and column) since physical impediments can exist for he copulates it, although we also find alterations in the behavior, very spoiled females or that they cohabit with other males and they become selective.
Due to all these characteristics to only determine the fertile moment for the sintomatología can bring flaws in the conception. They exist different studies at the present time: test or dosaje of L.H., vaginal cytology, test or progesterone dosaje that it allows us to locate the moment but opportune to carry out the service.
The service or joining has you vary stages, it begins with games and active participation of the male and the female, sniff and licked of genital, then the male mounts and he hugs the female, it begins the search mediating movements of the pelvis, he takes place the penetration finally, the same one is achieved since without erection the penis it presents a bone that confers rigidity to the same one.
Once carried out the penetration, the movements copulatorios are but intense, taking place the erection and button.
Arrival this stage some males dismount and they rotate being both faced croup, others remain mounted on the dog like resting during a brief time.
During the first minutes of this phase in those that the dogs dismount at once or during the passive phase with the mounted dog, the ejaculation of the rich portion takes place in sperms.
The rest of the time that the button to lasts the ejaculation of the portion prostatic that gives volume to the one ejaculated takes place. The sperms arrive quick to the fecundation (trumpets of Fallopian) place, it doesn't care the time of joining, neither the fact that the female urinates after the service then.
To the 10 later days to the service go down the embryos together to the uterus and in the same development (although he/she has received several services) stage.
We are already in the other stage of the cycle: metaestro, period that begins with the finalization of the zeal and she stays during the whole time that the body lúteo lasts, independently that it has happened or non gestation. The duration of the metaestro is variable, 110 to 140 days, they happen in him, the nidación of the embryos gestation and nursing.
In the case of the dogs that you have not been served, due to the high progesterone level, they can present pseudogestación symptoms. The action that the progesterone takes place on the uterus to allow to house the puppies also makes it susceptible to the setting-up of uterine pathologies.
The last period that we have left to mention is the anestro the duration of the same one it is variable and it is the one that will condition the dog so that it presents one or two cycles per year, since the previous periods have a time fixed average. It is a period of sexual rest, there are not hormonal changes, the female doesn't present particular symptoms neither alterations in the behavior.
Many times the proprietors ask when it is convenient that their mascot has puppies, the appropriate age for the first service varies according to the race. It is this way that, in the small races, this can be carried out around the year and in the big ones, it is convenient to wait until both and a half years. However, it is not necessary to only keep in mind the age, but also the corporal development and appropriate maturity so that the female can maintain the pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding of her puppies.
On the other hand, he suits to keep in mind until when to serve a dog. Although the dogs ciclan all their life the last jealousies can be without external or irregular manifestations.
It would be appropriate not to prolong the services beyond the seven years although, this is also very related with the state of the animal and their sanitary and reproductive antecedents.

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	Sexual cycle of the dog